Simulation of Urban Heat Island during a High-Heat Event Using WRF Urban Canopy Models: A Case Study for Metro Manila

This present study aims to determine the performance of using Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, coupled with urban canopy models (UCMs), in simulating 2 m air temperature relative humidity Metro Manila. The simulation was performed during a high heat event on 22–29 April 2018, which coincided dry season Philippines. four model options that were used this include, bulk (no urban), SLUCM, BEP, BEM. results simulations compared hourly observations from three weather stations over Manila National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration Integrated Surface Dataset (ISD) one agrometeorological station Naic, Cavite. After validation, island (UHI) then characterized spatial-temporal variations cities Statistical show WRF for agrees measurements an RMSE <3.0 °C, mean bias error <2.0 index agreement >0.80. still presents challenge where errors are higher than acceptable range. addition UCMs does not necessarily improve temperature, while use BEP improved simulation. suggest importance actual morphology values accurately simulate near-surface variables. On other hand, shows presence islands, notably northwest central area daytime, extending throughout nighttime. Lower consistently observed areas near Laguna Lake, due stagnant winds High also daytime until nighttime, especially bodies water like Bay Lake humidity.